What is descriptive data analysis
What is descriptive data analysis

This article  "What is descriptive data analysis" will lead us towards descriptive data analysis in research.

What Is Descriptive Data Analysis

What is descriptive data analysis?

Descriptive data analysis (or simply DDA) helps us extract values from a dataset to understand and draw meaningful conclusions. In other words, we are able to summarize or discuss the attributes of our dataset. This summary can be a brief description of what the data means, a statistical representation or even a simple table. We are not trying to guess what’s in a particular set of data. It simply tells you about what you could do with it:

How many people have age range?

How many children belong to family with parents who have age range between 15 to 60?

How many schools the student attended?

How much time the student spent on studying in class?

How many times he failed exams?

How many marks the students received?

How often he was absent in Maths class?

How many times he was absent during science classes?

How many times he participated in sports activities?

How many hours the student took for extra lessons?

How many times the student got late in school?

How many times he missed his exam for some reason?

How many times the student did homework in 3 days?

Descriptive statistics help us describe the data based on how individual values are distributed within the whole dataset. The values in this section of the report describe the values in a given year that were captured at different points of time. These points can be seen as the ‘numbers’ in the dataset. For example, ‘how many students went through Mathematics/ Science’ and ‘how many times they got late’ are both counts of how many times a certain attribute occurred. There are two ways in which you can access this:

The first way is by looking at your data, either on an Excel file or the web. Here I am using pandas for the visualization part.

The second way is by creating a very specific script. This lets me know the exact information I need to see for each variable and can also perform additional queries. Since I work with large datasets I have created a script that calculates these values. As I type I see the number of rows in my list grow, so I have to create more lists to keep up. Finally, I print out all the values I need to know to see. This is how I run it.

Let’s take a look now at the variables.

Descriptive Statistics

Below I show some basic examples of how I run it on my list below for ‘how many students’.

We see the distribution of these values. They are normally distributed, which means that a few observations have high values while the rest have low values. However, there are observations above 500 (the maximum value possible) where you observe a huge increase. Let’s plot them:

This is pretty consistent with what we saw the previous example. And then we see a few outliers (see below) as well.

Descriptive Statistics - How many students were enrolled between January 2015 and December 2017

Descriptive Statistics - how many students completed their final year between January 2016 and July 2017

Descriptive Statistics - How many teachers were teaching their class during the last 2 years

Descriptive Statistics - How many students got Bs and Cs in English

Descriptive Statistics - How many teachers got Cs and Bs

Descriptive Stats - How many students finished 10th grade last year

Descriptive Statistic - How many students passed their entire primary in mathematics

Descriptive Statistics - How many students cleared their entire Year 7 and 6th grades

Descriptive Stats - How many students cleared 5th & 4th year exams

Descriptive Statistics - How many students had any failures in maths classes

Descriptive Stats - How many students had made their Class 12th Diploma this Year?

Descriptive Stats - How many Students have done A+

Descriptive Stats - How many students achieved 90% marks in English Language

Descriptive Stats - How many students passed Physics Part 1

Descriptive Stats - How many students took Matriculation Exam in First Year

Descriptive Stats - How Many Teachers Had Held Discussion With Their Staff

Descriptive Stats - How Many Children Had Any Failures in Mathematics

Descriptive Stats - How many were Adept of OBC category at School

Descriptive Stats - How many pupils belonged to Scheduled Castes / Tribes

Descriptive Stats - Did Teachers Know About Gender Based Differences

Descriptive Stats - How many Parents Were Absent?

Descriptive Stats - How many parents attended Father-Sister Meetings at Home?

Descriptive Stats - Did Parents Attend Panchayats?

Descriptive Stats - Did parents attend Back To School Meeting?

Descriptive Stats - Did the Student Report Missing Items in Classes?

Descriptive Stats - Did Teacher Send Form?

Descriptive Stats - Did Child Attend Post Classroom Interview?

Descriptive Stats - Did Parent Ensure Social Security Card No?

Descriptive Stats - Did Father and Mother Share Important Details?

Descriptive Stats - Did the Student See His Birth Certificate?

Descriptive Stats - Did Father Send Birthday Wishes?

Descriptive Stats - Did Mother Send Her Gift?

Descriptive Stats - Did Child Send Reminders Of Family Functions?

Descriptive Stats - Did Mother Write Him Invitation On Christmas Day!?

Descriptive Stats - Why was Father Not Being Available At Work?

Descriptive Stats - Was Father Absent At Household Function?

Descriptive Stats - Yes, the Teacher Had Asked About His Wife's Health

Descriptive Stats - Yes, there Had Been Few More Than Me!

Descriptive Stats - Yes, no one Could Be Seen By Other Student

Descriptive Stats - No, I didn't Have Much Time Before Leaving.

Descriptive Stats - No, No one Can Be Seen On Phone Calls!

Descriptive Stats - No, no one Can Go Around My House!

Descriptive Stats - No, the Teacher Cannot Visit You Without Your Permission!!

Descriptive Stats - No, the teacher Won’t Get Into Your Room.

Descriptive Stats - No,I Got Rested in Week's Term, So I Am Not Getting Enough Sleep.

Descriptive Stats - Yes, No one Can Enter The Entire Class.

Descriptive Stats - Yes, you Need More Time to Complete Classwork.

Descriptive Stats - Yes, You Will Get More Marks.

Descriptive Rates - Yes, No one Can Even Take Off Your Mask Now Without Mentioning That One.

Descriptive Rates - Yes, no one Can Call When Visiting Each Other.

Descriptive rates - Yes, you Can Only Talk Once During Morning Session!!

Descriptive Rates - Yes, no one Can Speak Or Listen While Taking Notes!!

Descriptive Rates - Yes, you Can Face Trouble Outside Class Time.

Descriptive Rates - Yes, no one Can Visit Later After Lunch!!

Descriptive Rates - Yes, you Still Cannot Leave Your Seat.

Descriptive Rates - Yes, no one Can Get Help Due to Crowded Conditions.

Descriptive Rates - Yes, no one Can Visit Late Afternoon!!

Descriptive Rates - No, no one Can Hear Through Air Conditioner!!

Descriptive Rates - No, no one Can Touch Anything Else..

Descriptive rates - No, noone Can Be Seen in Front of Door.

Descriptive Rates - No, noone Can Be Seen In Space In the Classroom.

Descriptive Rates - No, noone Can Put Something Under Your Bed.

Descriptive Rates - No, no one Can Watch TV Program.

Descriptive Rates - No, no one Can Move Around freely..

Descriptive Rates - No, no one Can Reach Out to Parents In The Nighttime.

Descriptive Rates - No, no one Can Reach Under Your Blanket.

Descriptive Rates - No, no one Can Break Water Bottle.

Descriptive Rates - No, no one Can Use Vacuum Bag for Discharge!

Descriptive Rates - No, no one Can Step Behind My Chair.

Descriptive Rates - No, no one Can Ask Someone To Sit Beside You.

Descriptive Rates - No, no one Can Interact with Others In The Classroom.

Descriptive Rates - No, no one Can Stay Apart From Another Member.

Descriptive Rates - No, no one Can Gather Handbags.

Descriptive Rates - No, no one Can Wear Shaggy Hair.

Descriptive Rates - No, no one Can Play Badminton Ball.

Descriptive Rates - No, no one Can Shoot An arrow from Above.

Descriptive Rates - No, no one Can Walk Down the Path Way.

Descriptive Rates - No, no one Can Climb Up Walls..

Descriptive Rates - No, no one Can Run Near My Window.

Descriptive Rates - No, no one Can Jump Threshold On Wall.

Descriptive Rates - No, no one Can Open Cupboard.

Descriptive Rates - No, no one Can Perform Ballet Slide.

Descriptive Rates - No, no one Can Clean Scratches On Floor.

Descriptive Rates - No, no one Can Lift Bottle of Coffee..

Descriptive Rates - No, no person Can Follow the Instructions In Manual.

Descriptive Rates - No, No one Can Pass